第八章 The Industrial Revolution 工业革命
书迷正在阅读:神级扮演:从小丑开始、地下城之主、全球天选:开局觉醒百倍经验天赋、妖魔入侵:我成救世大剑仙、名侦探柯南续集、火影:等会,我先戴个写轮眼、神奇宝贝之无尽轮回、这个世界的穿越者有点多、异界游戏王之虚空变、潜伏火箭队,只为超梦
??Peasants, too, improved their standard of living during the 19th century, as comforts once known to only a few became more common. Some peasants had maintained commercial relations with urban areas for centuries. However, the coming of railroads and the opening of state–supported schools, especially during the Third Republic, broke down the commercial and cultural isolation of others. Standardized French gradually replaced old dialects. ??法国的产业革命,从波旁王朝复辟时期(1815–1830)的後半期开始,到路易·波拿巴(1778–1846)当权的第二帝国(1852–1870)末期基本完成,前後大约经历了半个世纪。在此之前的拿破仑(1769–1821)统治时期是法国产业革命的准备时期,当时所实行的一系列经济政策,推动了资本主义工商业的发展,为产业革命的发生提供了物质技术前提。拿破仑政权覆灭之後,在波旁王朝复辟初期,法国政局还不够稳定,经济上还要恢复拿破仑战争所带来的创伤。只是进入19世纪20年代以後,形势逐渐好转