第三章 Byzantine Eastern Empire 拜占庭帝
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d Pisa in 1406), there may have been other manu sources for the text that began to be taught at Bologna, by Pepo and then by Irnerius. The latter’s technique was to read a passage aloud, which permitted his students to copy it, then to deliver an excursus explaining and illuminating Justinian’s text, in the form of glosses. Irnerius’s pupils, the so–called Four Doctors of Bologna, were among the first of the“glossators”who established the curriculum of medieval Roman law. The tradition was carried on by French lawyers, known as the Ultramontani, in the 13th century. ??The merchant classes of Italian communes required law with a concept of equity and which covered situations